Figures and Visualization

Use this section when your main question is which figure type best matches your data and message, and where to start among the figure-specific pages.

Use Figures and Visualization when your main question is how to show a pattern in your data clearly: group differences, distributions, relationships, time trends, composition, multivariable structure, model diagnostics, or survival-related results.

This section helps you choose the right figure family and the right figure page to read next. It is for selecting and understanding figure types, not for open-ended custom chart design, arbitrary figure styling, or deciding which statistical method is valid for your study.


Start here

Choose the page that best matches the pattern you want readers to see:

If you want to...Start with...
compare grouped distributions compactlyBox Plot
keep individual observations visible in a group comparisonStrip Plot
show effect size and uncertainty rather than a significance-first summaryEstimation Plot
show the relationship between two numeric variablesScatter Plot
add a fitted trend to a relationship figureRegression Plot
show change across time, dose, passage, or another ordered axisLine Chart
show how one whole divides into categoriesPie Chart
compare composition across several groupsStacked Bar Chart
scan many variables or samples for matrix-like patternsHeatmap
inspect reduced-space multivariable structure cautiouslyPCA Biplot
review residual behavior or reference-distribution compatibilityQ-Q Plot
show time-to-event comparisonKaplan-Meier Curve

What you will find in this section

Distribution and Group Comparison

Use Distribution and Group Comparison when your figure question is about spread, overlap, group differences, or whether raw observations should remain visible.

Typical pages include Box Plot, Violin Plot, Strip Plot, Histogram, Dot Plot, and Raincloud Plot.

Association and Regression

Use Association and Regression when your figure choice depends on correlation, fitted trends, dense point clouds, or agreement between two measurements.

Typical pages include Scatter Plot, Regression Plot, Bubble Chart, Density Contour (2D), and Bland-Altman Plot.

Time and Longitudinal

Use Time and Longitudinal when the ordered progression itself is part of the message, such as timepoint, dose, date, or passage.

The main starting page is Line Chart.

Part to Whole

Use Part to Whole when the question is composition: what share of the total each category represents, either for one whole or across groups.

Typical pages include Pie Chart, Donut Chart, and Stacked Bar Chart.

Multivariate and Clustering

Use Multivariate and Clustering when you need to inspect many variables at once, grouped profiles, reduced-space views, or candidate cluster structure.

Typical pages include Heatmap, Parallel Coordinates, PCA Biplot, and Hierarchical Clustering Heatmap.

Diagnostic Plots

Use Diagnostic Plots when your question is whether a fitted model or sample looks concerning from a diagnostics point of view.

Typical pages include Q-Q Plot and Residual Plot.

Survival and Specialized Scientific

Use Survival and Specialized Scientific when your figure question is survival-native, classification-performance focused, or otherwise narrower than a general relationship or distribution chart.

Typical pages include Kaplan-Meier Curve, ROC Curve, Volcano Plot, and Forest Plot.


If you need a different section

Leave Figures and Visualization and go elsewhere if one of these is your real need:


What this section does not cover

  • Open-ended custom chart design or arbitrary figure customization
  • A guarantee that any figure can be freely adapted to any study design
  • Statistical method selection, assumption validation, or confirmatory interpretation by itself
  • Full product-level scope boundaries that belong in What This Product Does

Where to go next

If your main question is grouped distributions or raw observations, start with Distribution and Group Comparison.

If your main question is relationship, trend, or agreement, go to Association and Regression.

If your main question is time progression, go to Time and Longitudinal.

If your main question is composition, go to Part to Whole.

If your main question is many variables, clustering, residuals, or survival-style displays, continue to Multivariate and Clustering, Diagnostic Plots, or Survival and Specialized Scientific.